Reference Source: Prizes, Awards: Academic Awards and Fellowships

List from Wikepedia

Computing.

Highest award of the Social Science Research Council

Scholars, Scientists.

Biomedical Research

Astronomy and mathematics, biosciences, geosciences or polyarthritis research is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences annually.

Mathematics

Five annual prizes given in the fields of music, political science, psychology, education and religion.

From MIT.

Outstanding achievements in science and technology.

Economics

Progress of science, the advancement of civilization, and the enrichment and elevation of the human spirit.

Medical Research

National Endownment for the Humanities

President's National Medal of Science and the NSF Alan T. Waterman Award.

Chemistry, physics, medicine, economics, literature, peace.

$200,000 each, are awarded to academics of international range for the entire body of their work

Architecture

History of science

Academic and scientific research

Arts and Science, based in Israel.

$250,000,
Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation
Chemical Sciences

750,000 Euro
Outstanding scientific work in the field of mathematics.

$250,000
Outstanding scientists and engineers

£1,100,000 sterling.
Humanities, religious leadership

Research in any field of knowledge and creation in any of the arts.

US citizens only

For rankings search Market Share Reporter, World Market Share Reporter and Ward's business directory of U.S. private and public companies.